What we treat

Conditions we treat.

Each page below covers a condition Dr. Reddy treats: what causes it, how it's diagnosed, and when surgery is the right next step. Surgical care happens at Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Nellore.

Not every condition needs surgery. Many patients leave a consultation with a non-surgical plan, a clearer diagnosis, or a referral elsewhere.

Common gastrointestinal conditions

Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery

The most common conditions in a GI surgical practice, gallstones, hernia, reflux, swallowing problems, and abdominal emergencies. Many of these are managed with day-care laparoscopic surgery.

ICD-10 · K22.0

Achalasia Cardia

Also: Oesophageal achalasia · Cardiospasm

A motility disorder of the oesophagus where the lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax. Causes progressive difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids, regurgitation, and weight loss. Treated definitively by Heller's myotomy or POEM.

ICD-10 · K35

Acute Appendicitis

Also: Vermiform appendicitis

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. The most common cause of acute abdominal pain requiring surgery. Untreated, it progresses to perforation within 24 to 48 hours.

ICD-10 · K80

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

Also: Cholelithiasis · Biliary calculi

Gallstones are hardened deposits of cholesterol or bilirubin in the gallbladder. Most are silent, but symptomatic gallstones cause pain after fatty meals, nausea, and risk of complications like pancreatitis.

ICD-10 · K21

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Also: GERD · Acid reflux disease

Chronic acid reflux from the stomach into the oesophagus. Causes heartburn, regurgitation, and over time, oesophagitis or Barrett's oesophagus. Severe GERD that fails medical therapy is a surgical indication.

ICD-10 · K40-K46

Hernia

Also: Abdominal hernia · Rupture

A hernia is a protrusion of tissue or organ through a weakness in the abdominal wall. The most common types are inguinal (groin), umbilical, incisional, and hiatus hernias.

Liver · pancreas · bile duct

Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) conditions

Diseases of the liver, pancreas, and biliary system. Often complex, often referred from other centres for a sub-specialty opinion.

ICD-10 · C23

Gallbladder Cancer

Also: Carcinoma of the gallbladder

Aggressive cancer arising from the gallbladder lining, often associated with long-standing gallstone disease. Frequently found incidentally during routine cholecystectomy. Curative-intent surgery includes radical cholecystectomy with regional lymphadenectomy and partial liver resection.

ICD-10 · C22

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

Also: HCC · Hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary cancer of the liver, most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising on a background of chronic liver disease. Curative options include resection (hepatectomy), ablation, or liver transplantation depending on stage and liver function.

ICD-10 · C25

Pancreatic Cancer

Also: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma · Carcinoma of the pancreas

Cancer of the pancreas, most commonly ductal adenocarcinoma. Aggressive and often diagnosed late. Curative-intent surgery (Whipple procedure for head tumours, distal pancreatectomy for body/tail) is possible in around 20 percent of cases.

Gastrointestinal cancers

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers

Cancers of the digestive tract, coordinated curative-intent treatment with the broader Apollo oncology team for staging, neoadjuvant therapy, and follow-up.

ICD-10 · C18-C20

Colorectal Cancer

Also: Bowel cancer · Colon cancer

Cancer of the colon or rectum. The fourth most common cancer worldwide. Curative-intent surgery, often combined with chemotherapy and radiation, is the standard of care for resectable disease.

ICD-10 · C15

Esophageal Cancer

Also: Oesophageal cancer · Esophagus cancer

Cancer of the oesophagus (food pipe), either squamous cell carcinoma (more common in India) or adenocarcinoma (more common in lower oesophagus, often arising from Barrett's). Curative treatment combines chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy.

ICD-10 · C16

Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)

Also: Gastric cancer · Gastric adenocarcinoma

Malignancy of the stomach lining, most commonly adenocarcinoma. Often diagnosed at advanced stages because early symptoms are vague. Curative treatment is gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection, often combined with chemotherapy.

Metabolic and weight

Metabolic surgery

Severe obesity with associated comorbidities, where medical and lifestyle therapy alone has been insufficient and bariatric surgery is being considered.

ICD-10 · E66

Obesity

Also: Adiposity · Excess weight

A chronic disease characterised by excess body fat. In severe forms (class II and III), associated with diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnoea, and reduced life expectancy. Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment.

When to consult

When to see a GI surgeon.

Reason 01

A confirmed surgical condition

You've been told you need surgery and want a sub-specialist opinion before proceeding.

Reason 02

Persistent or worsening symptoms

Recurrent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, blood in stool, or difficulty swallowing.

Reason 03

A complex or recurrent problem

Recurrent hernia, complications of previous surgery, suspected cancer, or a difficult HPB case.

Reason 04

A second opinion

You've been advised that surgery is, or isn't, possible, and want a fresh review of your scans and reports.

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